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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Chit</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"><div class="entete icon photographe" style="background-color:#7DA7D9;color:#000000"><div>Francis Chit<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r224760648">
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</style></div></div><div><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"></div></div><table><caption style="color:#000000;text-align:center;background-color:#7DA7D9">Biographie</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Naissance</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p569"><time datetime="1830" data-sort-value="1830" class="date-lien"><a href="1830" title="1830">1830</a></time></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Décès</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p570"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1891-05-23" data-sort-value="1891-05-23"><a href="23_mai" title="23 mai">23</a> <a href="Mai_1891" title="Mai 1891">mai</a> <a href="1891" title="1891">1891</a></time></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Nationalité</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p27"><a href="Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Thaïlande">thaïlandaise</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Activité</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p106"><a href="Photographe" title="Photographe">Photographe</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Période d'activité</th><td class=""><div>
<time datetime="1845" data-sort-value="1845" class="date-lien"><a href="1845" title="1845">1845</a></time>-<wbr><span class="wd_p2032"><time datetime="1891" data-sort-value="1891" class="date-lien"><a href="1891" title="1891">1891</a></time></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Enfant</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p40">Khun Chayasathitsakon (Thongdi) <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khun_Chayasathitsakon_(Thongdi_Chitragani)" class="extiw external" title="en:Khun Chayasathitsakon (Thongdi Chitragani)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#000000;text-align:center;background-color:#7DA7D9">Autres informations</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">A travaillé pour</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p108"><a href="Rama_IV" title="Rama IV">Rama IV</a><br><a href="Rama_V" title="Rama V">Rama V</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p><b>Francis Chit</b> (<a href="Tha%C3%AF" title="Thaï">Thaï</a>&nbsp;: <span class="lang-th" lang="th">จิตร</span>, prononcé <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international">tɕʰìt</a></span>), aussi connu sous le nom de <b>Khun Sunthonsathitsalak</b> (<a href="Tha%C3%AF" title="Thaï">Thaï</a>&nbsp;: <span class="lang-th" lang="th">ขุนสุนทรสาทิศลักษณ์</span>) ou <b>Luang Akani Naruemitr</b> (<a href="Tha%C3%AF" title="Thaï">Thaï</a>&nbsp;: <span class="lang-th" lang="th">หลวงอัคนีนฤมิตร</span>), né en <a href="1830" title="1830">1830</a> et mort le <time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1891-05-23" data-sort-value="1891-05-23"><a href="23_mai" title="23 mai">23</a> <a href="Mai_1891" title="Mai 1891">mai</a> <a href="1891" title="1891">1891</a></time>, est un photographe thaïlandais.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographie">Biographie</h2></div>
<p>Francis Chit naît en 1830 au début du règne de <a href="Rama_III" title="Rama III">Rama&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a>. Son père Khun Chayasathitson est fusilier dans l'armée. En 1845, Francis est initié à la photographie par un religieux catholique français, le père Larnaudie<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p><p>Il est le premier et un des plus prolifiques photographes thaïlandais. Il commence sa carrière en 1845, ouvre un atelier et une boutique à <a href="Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> en 1863, puis est nommé photographe royal par <a href="Rama_IV" title="Rama IV">Rama&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a>. Il prend notamment une centaine de photos pour le compte de <a href="Rama_IV" title="Rama IV">Rama&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a> et <a href="Rama_V" title="Rama V">Rama&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a>. Il accompagne ce dernier dans de nombreux voyages dans les colonies occidentales voisines&nbsp;: dans l’<a href="Empire_britannique" title="Empire britannique">Empire britannique</a> à <a href="Singapour" title="Singapour">Singapour</a>, en <a href="Birmanie_britannique" title="Birmanie britannique">Birmanie</a> et à <a href="Calcutta" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, capitale d’hiver du <a href="Raj_britannique" title="Raj britannique">Raj britannique</a> ainsi que dans l’<a href="Empire_n%C3%A9erlandais" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire néerlandais">Empire néerlandais</a>, à <a href="Batavia_(Indes_n%C3%A9erlandaises)" title="Batavia (Indes néerlandaises)">Batavia</a>, capitale des <a href="Indes_orientales_n%C3%A9erlandaises" title="Indes orientales néerlandaises">Indes orientales néerlandaises</a>. Il est anobli et obtient des terres en 1880. Il est actif principalement à Bangkok mais aussi dans toutes les villes et provinces du royaume<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p><p>Il a 6 enfants légitimes dont deux fils qui deviennent photographes&nbsp;: son fils nommé Thongdee étudie la photographie en <a href="Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a> et devient photographe royal de <a href="Rama_V" title="Rama V">Rama&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a> et son fils Saad lui aussi devient photographe royal. Il a plusieurs enfants illégitimes, dont Luang Pradit, capitaine et photographe dans le département de cartographie de l’armée thaïlandaise ainsi que Tam Jitraknee, photographe du département des chemins de fer<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p><p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1881-05-17" data-sort-value="1881-05-17">17 mai 1881</time>, il est contaminé par le <a href="Chol%C3%A9ra" title="Choléra">choléra</a>. Son état se détériore le <time class="nowrap" datetime="05-23" data-sort-value="05-23">23 mai</time> à <span class="nowrap">20 heures</span> et il meurt à <span class="nowrap">22 heures</span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p><p>Les archives nationales de Thaïlande conservent une centaine de ses clichés&nbsp;: des portraits, des panoramas, des prises de vues architecturales, des photographies de la vie quotidienne et une éclipse solaire<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Photographies">Photographies</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portraits">Portraits</h3></div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Rama_IV" title="Rama IV">Rama&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Rama_V" title="Rama V">Rama&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Rama_V" title="Rama V">Rama&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Wichaichan" title="Wichaichan">Wichaichan</a></div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Wichaichan" title="Wichaichan">Wichaichan</a></div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Chao Chom Manda Khian</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Mom Rajodaya</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Khun Sunthornsathitsalak</div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autres">Autres</h3></div>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Entrée du temple de <a href="Wat_Arun" title="Wat Arun">Wat Arun</a>.</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Convoi du prince héritier <a href="Vajirunhis" title="Vajirunhis">Vajirunhis</a> vers le grand palais, le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1886-01-14" data-sort-value="1886-01-14">14 janvier 1886</time>.</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Temple de <a href="Wat_Pho" title="Wat Pho">Wat Pho</a>.</div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2></div>
<div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : thaï">(th)</abbr> «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sarakadee.com/feature/2002/03/francis.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="th">ฟรานซิส. จิตร ช่างภาพผู้ยิ่งใหญ่</cite></a>&nbsp;» [«&nbsp;Francis Chit, photographe&nbsp;»], sur <span class="italique">Sarakadee, feature magazine</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0857-1538">0857-1538</a></span>)</small></span>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1881"><cite class="italique">Gazette royale de Thaïlande</cite>, <time>1881</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612100302/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2434/009/72.PDF">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gazette+royale+de+Tha%C3%AFlande&amp;rft.date=1881&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Chit"></span></span>.</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2></div>
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<ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li>
<li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives aux beaux-arts</span>&nbsp;: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/AKL/_40566775"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Artists of the World Online</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collectie.nederlandsfotomuseum.nl/fotografen/detail/4399eb69-6a27-587c-3be4-08b3428993e3"><span class="lang-nl" lang="nl">Nederlands Fotomuseum</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/artists/412834"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">RKDartists</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li>
<li class="mw-empty-elt"></li>
<li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l'information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a></span>&nbsp;: <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/32147602568157642264">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17073915t">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17073915t">données</a></span>)</li> </ul></div></li></ul>
<ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte">Portail de la Thaïlande</span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte">Portail de la photographie</span> </span></li> </ul>
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